Thompson salivary glands for dummies 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma histology luminal ductal cells and abluminal modified myoepithelial cells tracking nerves is a hallmark peri or intraneural encapsulated tumors minor salivary glands can be difficult to diagnosis histomorphologically polymorphous but cytomorphologically uniform. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland dovemed. Three of our patients one hispanic, one filipino, and one american white had this neoplasm in the parotid gland. During my graduate work, i have reported the isolation of human salivary gland myoepithelial cells. An epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma in parotid gland. The salivary glands are compound tubuloacinar glands, which means they have branched ducts ending in saclike dilations acini where the excretory cells are located. In salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells that surround the intercalated ducts are spindled in contrast to the large stellate ones that envelop the acini. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between the cytoarchitecture of the mecs in goat major salivary glands parotid. Epithelia and glands epithelial cells cover or line surfaces and also form ducts and glands. A mucous acinuss secretes secretes mucin lubricant. Myoepithelial cells are stellateshaped and also known as basket cells. Nineteen strains were derived from normal tissues and. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acini.
The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. A normal submandibular salivary gland showing basic structure of acini arrows and ducts asterisk. The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. The histopathologic findings of lymphoid infiltration, intraductal proliferation, epimyoepithelial islands, and acinar atrophy. Dec 25, 2018 additional and relevant useful information for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland. Anatomy, biogenesis, and regeneration of salivary glands ncbi nih. Newly described entities in salivary gland pathology. Diagnostic dilemmas caused are due to inadequacy of characterizing. Submandibular glands located at the back of mouth, on both sides of the jaw. Oral histology dent 205 summer semester 20052006 salivary glands characteristics compound more than one tubule entering the main duct tubuloacinar morphology of secreting cells merocrine only secretion of the cell is released exocrine secretion onto a free surface physiology stimulantstaste and mastication autonomic nervous system afferent nerves salivary. Plasma b cells reside in the salivary glands and produce iga antibody which is then secreted in the saliva.
Another cell type, the less studied myoepithelial cells, wrap around the terminal ends of acini and proximal segments of ducts and appear to. Tumors in these glands are either primary salivary tumors, which arise in lymphatic tissue, or metastases. Normal salivary glands are made of many different types of cells. Myoepithelial cells sometimes referred to as myoepithelium are cells usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the luminal cells. This tumor is more common in major salivary glands. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts. To study the regulation of human salivary type gene expression we developed cell culture systems to support the growth and serial cultivation of salivary gland epithelial and fibroblastic cell types. Histological analysis of salivary glands from normal an. Immunity in the salivary gland british society for immunology.
Most tumor cells have myoepithelial features with clear cytoplasm or naked nuclei focally, there are ducts or tubules with an outer rim of myoepithelial cells and inner, dark ductal cells with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm and round, bland nuclei also islands, nests or sheets of spindle cells, plasmacytoid hyaline cells. Lines developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules of. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor and represents 70% to 80% of all benign tumors of the major salivary glands. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor of the salivary gland of exceptionally high incidence among eskimo. Accessory glands of the gi tract lecture 1 salivary glands pancreas. In salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar and ductal cells. On the function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands.
Jun 03, 2016 the human salivary gland system is composed of glands that are found in and around the mouth and throat. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acinus. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. How are salivary gland cells adapted to produce lots of. It is the serous type of gland which secretes alphaamylase also known as ptyalin. Sometimes the oncocytic features are a primary characteristic of the lesion such as in oncocytoma, and sometimes they are secondary to a process such as oncocytosis, a metaplastic change in the salivary glands of older adults. The most common site of pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands is the palate followed by lip, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, retromolar area, and nasal cavity. We recommend the abandonment of the vague term of mikulicz disease. Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells with respect to intercalated and secretory endpieces.
These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Some limited infiltration into surrounding fibrous capsule was also seen. Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother. Additional and relevant useful information for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland.
Procedures for obtaining salivary gland tissue slices, dispersed cells, western blotting, and. Further details can be found in the original atlas ref 1 summary provided by dr. These cells structurally resemble epithelial cells and smooth muscles and, thus, are referred to as myoepithelial cells mecs. Jul 15, 20 primary lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumour with an increased incidence among eskimos and orientals. Following in vivo transplantation into irradiated salivary glands of mice, these cells were found to be engrafted around the secretory complexes, where they contributed to restoration of radiation. Apr 23, 2015 in salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar and ductal cells. Recently, we identified a relationship between human cytomegalovirus hcmv and human sg mec in over 90% of cases. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. There are three main types of cells in the major salivary glands.
Mecs play an important role in supporting the morphogenesis, differentiation and polarization of salivary acini. The sections show a stratified squamous epithelium with a thin layer of parakeratosis, minor salivary glands, and a wellcircumscribed cystic lesion. Histologically, all the tumours were composed of small ducts with a double cell lining surrounded by a basement membrane. Collectively, the primary function of these glands is the production and secretion of saliva.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the salivary glands has been labeled with multiple, confusing terms. Salivary glands are compound, tubuloacinar,merocrine, exocrine glands the ducts of whichopen into the oral cavity. Cytoarchitectural differences of myoepithelial cells among. The major salivary glands are the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Humans also have four large glands termed the parotid, submaxillary, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands.
Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Histological analysis of salivary glands from normal and irradiated salivary glands from untreated and igf1treated mice. It is mostly present in the major salivary parotid glands and affects middleaged and older men and women. A salivary gland can consist of a varied mixture of these types of end pieces. Phenotype and cell proliferation activity of duct like. The secretory acinar cells of the salivary gland are essential for saliva secretion, but are also the cell type preferentially lost following radiation. There are two types of secretions serous and mucous. Myoepithelial cells mec of the salivary glands in health. Within the cell the secretory product is usually in the form of secretory granules. There are 3 major types of salivary glands and these include the following. Single cell clones purified from human parotid glands display. Lesions of salivary glands with a prominent lymphoid component are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include benign reactive lesions and malignant neoplasms. In this report, the ct findings are described and correlated with the histopathologic features of a case of oncocytoma involving the parotid gland that arose in a background of nodular oncocytic hyperplasia. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary glands.
They can be divided into two distinct exocrine groups, the major salivary glands and the minor salivary glands. Cells of mouse submandibular salivary gland in culture in. Collina g, gale n, visona a, betts cm, cenacchi v, eusebi v. Iga binds the mucus layer that covers the epithelia lining of the oral cavity, thus providing a barrier. Which of the following is the most likely inheritance pattern for the individuals with the condition squares represent males, circles represent females, and shaded symbols represent individuals who exhibit the condition. Carbohydrate containing diet stimulates the secretion since the glands have receptors that respond to signal from nervous system that can sense the carb containing food trough touch receptors and taste buds. Occasionally, these pathologic entities present difficulties in the clinical. Minor salivary glands located in the walls of oral cavity and in tongue. D submandibular salivary gland thirty days following exposure to 5 gy radiation.
Clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma of minor salivary gland. The glands are inside a capsule, of connective tissue. Cellspecific cre strains for genetic manipulation in salivary glands. Four cases of epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands arose as painless masses in patients over 60 years old, three in the parotid and one in the submandibular gland. Myoepithelial cells in these cases constitute the basal cell layer of an epithelium that harbors the epithelial progenitor.
Losito nsbotti gionna fpasquinelli gminenna pbisceglia m clearcell myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands. The pg is composed of serous acini and produces watery serous. Immunity in the salivary gland british society for. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of salivary glands mdpi.
In mixed glands, the mucous acini are capped by a serous demilune. Secret iga by plasma cells in ct of salivary glands. Pathology outlines epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. Mar 01, 2015 myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands.
Evaluation of patients with suspected salivary gland disorders figure 1. Proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells in irradiated. Emec tends to grow in a bulky lobulated fashion,withnecrosisandhyalinizationoflarge tumornodules. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of. Myoepithelial cells mecs are considered to be a key participant in most salivary gland diseases, particularly tumors.
Pdf epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. Benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the salivary glands jama. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of human salivary gland myoepithelial cells for use in tissue regeneration. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. Sebaceous type glands are mixed with salivary gland acini in 10 40% of normal parotid glands, often in periductal locations in interlobular ducts. It is evident that the literature regarding agerelated changes in salivary glands is not abundant. Myoepithelial cell markers in salivary gland neoplasms. Previously, the distribution of myoepithelial cells mecs in the salivary glands was studied by both immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.
Oncocytic neoplasms result from metabolically altered cells that accumulate abundant mitochondria within their cytoplasm by oncocytic metaplasia. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma lec of salivary gland is a rare type of an undifferentiated carcinoma. Each cell consists of a cell body from which four to eight processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. An immunohistochemical study shojiroh morinaga, md, takashi nakajima, md, and yukio shimosato, md to determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins actin and myosin and intermediate filament proteins vimentin and 55to 57kilodalfon. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of. The following document is a short summary of the highlights of the milan system guidelines.
Salivary glands may give rise to a wide spectrum of different tumors. In humans, studies are scarce and the sublingual gland is rarely. Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands. The secretory unit of the salivary gland consists of an acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct and excretory duct. Mecs structurally resemble both epithelial cells and smooth muscles. Large compound glands, such as salivary glands compound tubuloacinar and the pancreas compound acinar will be studied in detail later in conjunction with the specific. Myoepithelial cells are stellate or spindle shaped with 4 to 8 cytoplasmic processes. Primary lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumour with an increased incidence among eskimos and orientals. In western countries, salivary gland lymphoepitheliallike carcinomas are uncommon and only 14 cases have been described so far. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma lec is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by undifferentiated malignant epithelial cells with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells in the stroma. Normal specimen of labial mino alivary glands obtained from the operative were immediately rinsed into 2% foe al bovine serum containing mem 2 % fcs mem and minced to fragments of 23 mm 3 size by fine pincettes. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. Salivary glands are composed mainly of parenchymal cells acini and myoepithelial cells mecs.
Myoepithelial cellrich pleormorphic adenoma of minor. These products are synthesized by acinar cells and stored in cytoplasmic granules. An immunohistochemical study shojiroh morinaga, md, takashi nakajima, md, and yukio shimosato, md to determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins actin and myosin and intermediate filament proteins vimentin and 55to 57. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor and represents. Salivary gland cytopathology the csc endorses the milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology 2018.
Thetumorhasadistinctivehistopathologic pattern with a proliferation of. Collectively, the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are referred to as the major salivary glands figure 61. May 20, 20 salivary gland structure and function 1. In addition, they have central enlarged round nuclei with a distinct nucleolus. Eosinophilic or clear cell glycogen with sheets, trabeculae, acini or follicular patterns of monotonous large polygonal cells with well defined cell borders, deeply eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm, small round nuclei. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major salivary.
The cellular component comprises serous and mu cous acinar and ductal epithelial cells, myoepitheli al cells and connective tissue components e. Histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms dwivedi n. Lymphoid lesions of salivary glands lymphoid lesions of salivary glands. There are numerous small salivary glands within the tongue, lips cheeks and palate.
Salivary glands are made up of secretory acini acini means a rounded secretory unit and ducts. They are specialized cells capable of contraction aiding in the expulsion of saliva. In these populations, it is usually associated with epsteinbarr virus. Secretion of amylase by salivary glands is regulated by hormones from endocrine system as well as regulation by nervous system. An analysis of the heterogeneous culture indicates the existence of several morphological types of cells, including small, densely packed cells of cuboidal or polygonal shapes and large, rounded cells. The cystic lesion has a mildly fibrotic appearing wall, is lined by histiocytes intermixed with rare lymphocytes, and contains mucous and macrophages. Single cell analysis of t cells infiltrating labial. Myoepithelial cells mecs are one of the nonsecretory components of salivary gland acini. Cells appear to be stratified but are actually in a single layer nucleus may be near the base, or near the top of the cell. The occurrence of a particular genetic condition in a family is shown in the pedigree above.
Shear joint oral pathology unit, university of the witwatersrandsouth african institute for medical research, johannesburg, south africa summaryhistochemical studies of myoepithelial cells were undertaken in order to provide further information about the structure and. Adjunct professor, university of utah school of medicine. Functional differences in the acinar cells of the murine major. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the. However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. These are largest of the salivary glands, secreting saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing, and amylase to begin the digestion of starches. We have established 22 independent salivary gland epithelial cell strains from parotid or submandibular glands of human or macaque origin. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma malignant lymphoepithelial. A cell culture that preserves its phenotype up to the 20th passage was obtained from mouse submandibular salivary glands. The acini can either be serous, mucous, or a mixture of serous and mucous a serous acinus secretes proteins in an isotonic watery fluid.
The basic structure of a salivary gland tissue is a branching tubule or duct that has the princi pal secretory cells, the acinar cells, at the ends. The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. Salivary gland simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology. End pieces may contain mucous cells, serous cells or a mixture of both. They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and most importantly in salivary glands. Each major salivary gland produces a specific proportion of. The structure and function of myoepithelial cells in salivary. Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother. The different types of acinar cells in each gland result in different types of saliva. Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva. Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, defined as a malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands in which tumor cells manifest almost exclusively myoepithelial differentiation2, 6. This study carried out to establish the cell culture of normal human salivary gland, and itspossible for clinical application.
Simultaneous pleomorphic adenomas in the parotid gland and minor salivary gland at. Pleomorphic adenoma is the benign tumor of salivary glands, which originates from the myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells. Its what happens when abnormal cells in these glands grow out of control. Acinar cells can be either serous or mucus, whereas the ducts are largely composed of. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma mec is the most common malignant tumor originating in major and minor salivary glands sgs, accounting for about of all sg carcinomas 1, 2. Salivary gland structure and function linkedin slideshare. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable sideeffect. Lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland. They are interposed between the secretory cells and the basal lamina.
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